--begin

php 获取URL 各部分参数 之URL处理几个关键的函数parse_url、parse_str与http_build_query

1、parse_url()
该函数可以解析 URL，返回其组成部分。它的用法如下：
array parse_url(string $url)
此函数返回一个关联数组，包含现有 URL 的各种组成部分。如果缺少了其中的某一个，则不会为这个组成部分创建数组项。组成部分为：
scheme - 如 http
host - 如 localhost
port - 如 80
user
pass
path - 如 /parse_str.php
query - 在问号 ? 之后  如 id=1&category=php&title=php-install
fragment - 在散列符号 # 之后
此函数并不意味着给定的 URL 是合法的，它只是将上方列表中的各部分分开。parse_url() 可接受不完整的 URL，并尽量将其解析正确。此函数对相对路径的 URL 不起作用。
<?php
    $url = "http://52php.cnblogs.com/welcome/";
    $parts = parse_url($url);
    
    print_r($parts);
?>
程序运行结果如下：
Array
(
    [scheme] => http
    [host] => 52php.cnblogs.com
    [path] => /welcome/
)

<?php
    $url = 'http://username:password@hostname/path?arg=value#anchor';
    print_r(parse_url($url));
    echo '<br />';
    echo parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
?>
程序输出:
Array
(
    [scheme] => http
    [host] => hostname
    [user] => username
    [pass] => password
    [path] => /path
    [query] => arg=value
    [fragment] => anchor
)
可以看到，可以很容易分解出一个URL的各个部，那如果要拿指定的部分出来的话也很容易，如：
echo parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
就是在第二个参数中，设定如下的参数：PHP_URL_SCHEME, PHP_URL_HOST, PHP_URL_PORT, PHP_URL_USER, PHP_URL_PASS, PHP_URL_PATH, PHP_URL_QUERY or PHP_URL_FRAGMENT。
2、parse_str()
parse_str用来解析URL中的查询字符串，即可以通过$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']取得的字符串值，假如我们请求的URL是 http://localhost/parse_str.php?id=1&category=php&title=php-install，那么$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']返回的值为id=1&category=php&title=php-install，而这种形式的字符串恰巧可以使用parse_str解析成关联数组的形式。
用法如下：
void parse_str(string $str [, array &$arr ])
该函数接收两个参数，$str为需要解析的字符串，而可选参数$arr为解析之后生成的数组值所存放的变量名，如果忽略可选参数，那么可以直接调用类似$id、$category、$title的变量。下面的脚本模拟了GET请求。
<?php
<a xhref="http://localhost/parse_str.php?id=1&category=php&title=php-install">Click Here</a>
$query_str = $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
parse_str($query_str); /* 这种方式可以直接使用变量$id, $category, $title */
parse_str($query_str, $query_arr);
?>
<pre><?php print_r($query_arr); ?></pre>
<p><?php echo $id; ?></p>
<p><?php echo $category; ?></p>
<p><?php echo $title; ?></p>
?>
 
/* 运行结果 */
Array
(
    [id] => 1
    [category] => php
    [title] => php-install
)
1
php
php-install

http_build_query 就是将一个数组转换成url ?后面的参数字符串，会自动进行urlencode处理
3、

string http_build_query ( array formdata [, string numeric_prefix])
后面的给数组中没有指定键或者键为数字的加下标
官方手册：http://php.net/manual/zh/function.http-build-query.php

--end

---begin

php 获取数组第一个元素 以及最后一个元素以及最后一个元素的键名
1.最后一个元素以及最后一个元素的键名
先用end()将内部指针指向数组中的最后一个元素，再用key()函数返回数组内部指针当前指向元素的键名。
$arr = array(1,2,34,4,5,6,7,3);
end($arr);
echo key($arr);

2.获取数组第一个元素

$tmp = array('a','b','c','d');

echo reset($tmp);
输出
a

每个数组中都有一个内部的指针指向它的"当前"元素，初始指向插入到数组中的第一个元素。
end() - 将内部指针指向数组中的最后一个元素，并输出
next() - 将内部指针指向数组中的下一个元素，并输出
prev() - 将内部指针指向数组中的上一个元素，并输出
reset() - 将内部指针指向数组中的第一个元素，并输出
each() - 返回当前元素的键名和键值，并将内部指针向前移动
current() 函数返回数组中的当前元素的值。
<?php
$tmp = array('a','b','c','d');
echo current($tmp)."\n";
echo end($tmp)."\n";
echo current($tmp)."\n";
reset($tmp);
echo current($tmp)."\n";
?>
输出
a
d
d
a
所以，取数据第一个元素用reset()即可，
当用current取数组第一个元素时最好reset先，因为此时指针不一定指向数组中的第一个元素。

---end

from https://www.cnblogs.com/lzs-888/p/5772536.html

how-php-get-array-first-last-value-php 获取数组第一个元素 以及最后一个元素以及最后一个元素的键名

说明：由于PHPExcel已更名phpspreadsheet，PHPExcel已不再更新，兼容新版本PHP会存在某些问题，建议升级到PHPSpreadsheet。

PhpSpreadsheet软件依赖https://www.helloweba.net/php/561.html

要使用PhpSpreadsheet需要满足以下条件：

    PHP5.6或更改版本，推荐PHP7

    支持php_zip扩展

    支持php_xml扩展

    支持php_gd2扩展

https://github.com/PHPOffice/

window下通过composer 安装laravel5记录

how-window-composer-install-laravel5

前提:

1、已经安装composer

2、可以联网

3、安装php7

进入要安装在目录执行composer create-project laravel/laravel laravel5

记录如下

Installing laravel/laravel (v5.7.0)

   - Installing laravel/laravel (v5.7.0): Downloading (100%)                    

Created project in laravel5                                                    

> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"                

Loading composer repositories with package information                          

Updating dependencies (including require-dev)                                  

Package operations: 71 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals                            

- Installing vlucas/phpdotenv (v2.5.1): Downloading (100%)                      

- Installing symfony/css-selector (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                  

- Installing tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles (2.2.1): Downloading (connectinDownloading (100%)                                      - Installing symfony/polyfill-php72 (v1.9.0): Downloading (100%)                

- Installing symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.9.0): Downloading (100%)            

- Installing symfony/var-dumper (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                    

- Installing symfony/routing (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                      

- Installing symfony/process (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                      

- Installing symfony/polyfill-ctype (v1.9.0): Downloading (100%)                

- Installing symfony/http-foundation (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)              

- Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)              - Installing psr/log (1.0.2): Downloading (100%)                                - Installing symfony/debug (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                         - Installing symfony/http-kernel (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                   - Installing symfony/finder (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing symfony/console (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing doctrine/lexer (v1.0.1): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing egulias/email-validator (2.1.5): Downloading (100%)                - Installing swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v6.1.2): Downloading (100%)               - Installing paragonie/random_compat (v9.99.99): Downloading (100%)             - Installing ramsey/uuid (3.8.0): Downloading (100%)                            - Installing psr/simple-cache (1.0.1): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing psr/container (1.0.0): Downloading (100%)                          - Installing symfony/translation (v4.1.4): Downloading (100%)                   - Installing nesbot/carbon (1.33.0): Downloading (100%)                         - Installing monolog/monolog (1.23.0): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing league/flysystem (1.0.46): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing erusev/parsedown (1.7.1): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing dragonmantank/cron-expression (v2.2.0): Downloading (connecting..Downloading (100%)                                                                - Installing doctrine/inflector (v1.3.0): Downloading (100%)                    - Installing laravel/framework (v5.7.2): Downloading (100%)                     - Installing fideloper/proxy (4.0.0): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing nikic/php-parser (v4.0.3): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-color (0.1): Downloading (connecting...Downloading (100%)                                                                - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-highlighter (v0.3.2): Downloading (connDownloading (100%)                                                                - Installing dnoegel/php-xdg-base-dir (0.1): Downloading (100%)                 - Installing psy/psysh (v0.9.8): Downloading (100%)                             - Installing laravel/tinker (v1.0.7): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing beyondcode/laravel-dump-server (1.2.1): Downloading (connecting..Downloading (100%)                                                                - Installing fzaninotto/faker (v1.8.0): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing hamcrest/hamcrest-php (v2.0.0): Downloading (100%)                 - Installing mockery/mockery (1.1.0): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing filp/whoops (2.2.0): Downloading (100%)                            - Installing nunomaduro/collision (v2.0.3): Downloading (100%)                  - Installing sebastian/version (2.0.1): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing sebastian/resource-operations (1.0.0): Downloading (connecting...Downloading (100%)                                                                - Installing sebastian/object-reflector (1.1.1): Downloading (100%)             - Installing sebastian/recursion-context (3.0.0): Downloading (100%)            - Installing sebastian/object-enumerator (3.0.3): Downloading (100%)            - Installing sebastian/global-state (2.0.0): Downloading (100%)                 - Installing sebastian/exporter (3.1.0): Downloading (100%)                     - Installing sebastian/environment (3.1.0): Downloading (100%)                  - Installing sebastian/diff (3.0.1): Downloading (100%)                         - Installing sebastian/comparator (3.0.2): Downloading (100%)                   - Installing phpunit/php-timer (2.0.0): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing phpunit/php-text-template (1.2.1): Downloading (100%)              - Installing phpunit/php-file-iterator (2.0.1): Downloading (100%)              - Installing theseer/tokenizer (1.1.0): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup (1.0.1): Downloading (connectiDownloading (100%)                                                                - Installing phpunit/php-token-stream (3.0.0): Downloading (100%)               - Installing phpunit/php-code-coverage (6.0.7): Downloading (100%)              - Installing doctrine/instantiator (1.1.0): Downloading (100%)                  - Installing webmozart/assert (1.3.0): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-common (1.0.1): Downloading (connecting.Downloading (100%)                                                                - Installing phpdocumentor/type-resolver (0.4.0): Downloading (100%)            - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock (4.3.0): Downloading (connectinDownloading (100%)                                                                - Installing phpspec/prophecy (1.8.0): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing phar-io/version (2.0.1): Downloading (100%)                        - Installing phar-io/manifest (1.0.3): Downloading (100%)                       - Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.8.1): Downloading (100%)                      - Installing phpunit/phpunit (7.3.4): Downloading (100%)                      symfony/var-dumper suggests installing ext-intl (To show region name in time zone dump)                                                                         symfony/routing suggests installing doctrine/annotations (For using the annotation loader)                                                                      symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/config (For using the all-in-one router or any loader)                                                              symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection (For loading routes from a service)                                                            symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/expression-language (For using expression matching)                                                                 symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/yaml (For using the YAML loader)    symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection       symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/browser-kit                     symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/config                          symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection            symfony/console suggests installing symfony/lock                                egulias/email-validator suggests installing ext-intl (PHP Internationalization Libraries are required to use the SpoofChecking validation)                      swiftmailer/swiftmailer suggests installing ext-intl (Needed to support internationalized email addresses)                                                      swiftmailer/swiftmailer suggests installing true/punycode (Needed to support internationalized email addresses, if ext-intl is not installed)                   paragonie/random_compat suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides a modern crypto API that can be used to generate random bytes.)                             ramsey/uuid suggests installing ircmaxell/random-lib (Provides RandomLib for use with the RandomLibAdapter)                                                     ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides the PECL libsodium extension for use with the SodiumRandomGenerator)                                    ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-uuid (Provides the PECL UUID extension for use with the PeclUuidTimeGenerator and PeclUuidRandomGenerator)                  ramsey/uuid suggests installing moontoast/math (Provides support for converting UUID to 128-bit integer (in string form).)                                      ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-doctrine (Allows the use of Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid as Doctrine field type.)                                               ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-console (A console application for generating UUIDs with ramsey/uuid)                                               symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/config                          symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/yaml                            monolog/monolog suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Allow sending log messages to AWS services like DynamoDB)                                                  monolog/monolog suggests installing doctrine/couchdb (Allow sending log messages to a CouchDB server)                                                           monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-amqp (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server (1.0+ required))                                                     monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-mongo (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server)                                                                  monolog/monolog suggests installing graylog2/gelf-php (Allow sending log messages to a GrayLog2 server)                                                         monolog/monolog suggests installing mongodb/mongodb (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server via PHP Driver)                                             monolog/monolog suggests installing php-amqplib/php-amqplib (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server using php-amqplib)                                    monolog/monolog suggests installing php-console/php-console (Allow sending log messages to Google Chrome)                                                       monolog/monolog suggests installing rollbar/rollbar (Allow sending log messages to Rollbar)                                                                     monolog/monolog suggests installing ruflin/elastica (Allow sending log messages to an Elastic Search server)                                                    monolog/monolog suggests installing sentry/sentry (Allow sending log messages to a Sentry server)                                                               league/flysystem suggests installing ext-fileinfo (Required for MimeType)       league/flysystem suggests installing ext-ftp (Allows you to use FTP server storage)                                                                             league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v2 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v2)                                                  league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v3)                                                  league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-azure (Allows you to use Windows Azure Blob storage)                                                      league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Flysystem adapter decorator for metadata caching)                                         league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-eventable-filesystem (Allows you to use EventableFilesystem)                                              league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Allows you to use Rackspace Cloud Files)                                                       league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Allows you to use SFTP server storage via phpseclib)                                                league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-webdav (Allows you to use WebDAV storage)                                                                 league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-ziparchive (Allows you to use ZipArchive adapter)                                                         league/flysystem suggests installing spatie/flysystem-dropbox (Allows you to use Dropbox storage)                                                               league/flysystem suggests installing srmklive/flysystem-dropbox-v2 (Allows you to use Dropbox storage for PHP 5 applications)                                   laravel/framework suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Required to use the SQS queue driver and SES mail driver (^3.0).)                                        laravel/framework suggests installing doctrine/dbal (Required to rename columns and drop SQLite columns (^2.6).)                                                laravel/framework suggests installing ext-pcntl (Required to use all features of the queue worker.)                                                             laravel/framework suggests installing ext-posix (Required to use all features of the queue worker.)                                                             laravel/framework suggests installing guzzlehttp/guzzle (Required to use the Mailgun and Mandrill mail drivers and the ping methods on schedules (^6.0).)       laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Required to use the Flysystem S3 driver (^1.0).)                                              laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Required to use the Flysystem cache (^1.0).)                                             laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Required to use the Flysystem Rackspace driver (^1.0).)                                       laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Required to use the Flysystem SFTP driver (^1.0).)                                                 laravel/framework suggests installing moontoast/math (Required to use ordered UUIDs (^1.1).)                                                                    laravel/framework suggests installing nexmo/client (Required to use the Nexmo transport (^1.0).)                                                                laravel/framework suggests installing pda/pheanstalk (Required to use the beanstalk queue driver (^3.0).)                                                       laravel/framework suggests installing predis/predis (Required to use the redis cache and queue drivers (^1.0).)                                                 laravel/framework suggests installing pusher/pusher-php-server (Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^3.0).)                                            laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/dom-crawler (Required to use most of the crawler integration testing tools (^4.1).)                               laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/psr-http-message-bridge (Required to psr7 bridging features (^1.0).)                                              psy/psysh suggests installing ext-pcntl (Enabling the PCNTL extension makes PsySH a lot happier :))                                                             psy/psysh suggests installing ext-posix (If you have PCNTL, you'll want the POSIX extension as well.)                                                           psy/psysh suggests installing ext-pdo-sqlite (The doc command requires SQLite to work.)                                                                         psy/psysh suggests installing hoa/console (A pure PHP readline implementation. You'll want this if your PHP install doesn't already support readline or libedit.)                                                                               filp/whoops suggests installing whoops/soap (Formats errors as SOAP responses)  sebastian/global-state suggests installing ext-uopz (*)                         phpunit/php-code-coverage suggests installing ext-xdebug (^2.6.0)               phpunit/phpunit suggests installing phpunit/php-invoker (^2.0)                  phpunit/phpunit suggests installing ext-soap (*)                                phpunit/phpunit suggests installing ext-xdebug (*)                              Writing lock file                                                               Generating optimized autoload files                                             > Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump                       > @php artisan package:discover                                                 Discovered Package: beyondcode/laravel-dump-server                              Discovered Package: fideloper/proxy                                             Discovered Package: laravel/tinker                                              Discovered Package: nesbot/carbon                                               Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision                                        Package manifest generated successfully.                                        > @php artisan key:generate                                                     Application key [base64:4qM4I6Fxf1o/NjYtnD9Cq7l184K1RM6wws+1spuw3ws=] set successfully.                                                              F:\phpStudy\PHPTutorial\WWW>

现在通过http://localhost/laravel5/public，出现下面的内容，就表示已经初步安装完成了。                                                      

如果碰到
phpstudy2018本地配置教程You don't have permission to access解决 参考
http://itlife365.com/blog/post/phpstudy2018-no-have-permission-to-access.php

PHP删除目录及目录下所有文件或删除指定文件经典代码收藏分享