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前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
    总结如下：
    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
2. < beans   xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
3.      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
4.      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
5.      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
6.      xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >   
11.   
12.      < bean   id = "sessionFactory"      
13.              class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >      
14.          < property   name = "configLocation"   value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />      
15.          < property   name = "configurationClass"   value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />   
16.      </ bean >      
17.   
18.      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      
19.      < bean   id = "transactionManager"   
20.          class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >   
21.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
22.      </ bean >   
23.        
24.      <!-- 配置DAO -->   
25.      < bean   id = "userDaoTarget"   class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >   
26.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
27.      </ bean >   
28.        
29.      < bean   id = "userDao"      
30.          class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >      
31.             <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->      
32.             < property   name = "transactionManager"   ref = "transactionManager"   />         
33.          < property   name = "target"   ref = "userDaoTarget"   />      
34.           < property   name = "proxyInterfaces"   value = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />   
35.          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->      
36.          < property   name = "transactionAttributes" >      
37.              < props >      
38.                  < prop   key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >   
39.              </ props >      
40.          </ property >      
41.      </ bean >      
42. </ beans >   
43. 第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
    
    Xml代码 javaeye.com/blog/630570#" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.CopyToClipboard(this);return false;" title="复制代码">

    1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
    2. < beans   xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    3.      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    4.      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
    5.      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    6.      xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
    7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
    8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
    9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
    10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >   
    11.   
    12.      < bean   id = "sessionFactory"      
    13.              class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >      
    14.          < property   name = "configLocation"   value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />      
    15.          < property   name = "configurationClass"   value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />   
    16.      </ bean >      
    17.   
    18.      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      
    19.      < bean   id = "transactionManager"   
    20.          class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >   
    21.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    22.      </ bean >   
    23.        
    24.      < bean   id = "transactionBase"      
    25.              class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"      
    26.              lazy-init = "true"   abstract = "true" >      
    27.          <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->      
    28.          < property   name = "transactionManager"   ref = "transactionManager"   />      
    29.          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->      
    30.          < property   name = "transactionAttributes" >      
    31.              < props >      
    32.                  < prop   key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >      
    33.              </ props >      
    34.          </ property >      
    35.      </ bean >        
    36.       
    37.      <!-- 配置DAO -->   
    38.      < bean   id = "userDaoTarget"   class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >   
    39.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    40.      </ bean >   
    41.        
    42.      < bean   id = "userDao"   parent = "transactionBase"   >      
    43.          < property   name = "target"   ref = "userDaoTarget"   />       
    44.      </ bean >   
    45. </ beans >   

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    
        <bean id="sessionFactory"  
                class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
            <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
        </bean>  
    
        <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
        <bean id="transactionManager"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="transactionBase"  
                class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
                lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
            <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
            <property name="transactionAttributes">  
                <props>  
                    <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
                </props>  
            </property>  
        </bean>    
       
        <!-- 配置DAO -->
        <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
            <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

    
    
    第三种方式：使用拦截器
    
    
    Xml代码

    1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
    2. < beans   xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    3.      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    4.      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
    5.      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    6.      xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
    7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
    8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
    9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
    10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >   
    11.   
    12.      < bean   id = "sessionFactory"      
    13.              class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >      
    14.          < property   name = "configLocation"   value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />      
    15.          < property   name = "configurationClass"   value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />   
    16.      </ bean >      
    17.   
    18.      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      
    19.      < bean   id = "transactionManager"   
    20.          class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >   
    21.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    22.      </ bean >     
    23.       
    24.      < bean   id = "transactionInterceptor"      
    25.          class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >      
    26.          < property   name = "transactionManager"   ref = "transactionManager"   />      
    27.          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->      
    28.          < property   name = "transactionAttributes" >      
    29.              < props >      
    30.                  < prop   key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >      
    31.              </ props >      
    32.          </ property >      
    33.      </ bean >   
    34.          
    35.      < bean   class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >      
    36.          < property   name = "beanNames" >      
    37.              < list >      
    38.                  < value > *Dao </ value >   
    39.              </ list >      
    40.          </ property >      
    41.          < property   name = "interceptorNames" >      
    42.              < list >      
    43.                  < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >      
    44.              </ list >      
    45.          </ property >      
    46.      </ bean >      
    47.      
    48.      <!-- 配置DAO -->   
    49.      < bean   id = "userDao"   class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >   
    50.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    51.      </ bean >   
    52. </ beans >   

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    
        <bean id="sessionFactory"  
                class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
            <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
        </bean>  
    
        <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
        <bean id="transactionManager"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean> 
       
        <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
            <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
            <property name="transactionAttributes">  
                <props>  
                    <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
                </props>  
            </property>  
        </bean>
          
        <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  
            <property name="beanNames">  
                <list>  
                    <value>*Dao</value>
                </list>  
            </property>  
            <property name="interceptorNames">  
                <list>  
                    <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  
                </list>  
            </property>  
        </bean>  
      
        <!-- 配置DAO -->
        <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

    
    
    第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
    
    Xml代码

    1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
    2. < beans   xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    3.      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    4.      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
    5.      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    6.      xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"   
    7.      xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
    8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
    9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
    10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
    11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd   
    12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >   
    13.   
    14.      < context:annotation-config   />   
    15.      < context:component-scan   base-package = "com.bluesky"   />   
    16.   
    17.      < bean   id = "sessionFactory"      
    18.              class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >      
    19.          < property   name = "configLocation"   value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />      
    20.          < property   name = "configurationClass"   value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />   
    21.      </ bean >      
    22.   
    23.      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      
    24.      < bean   id = "transactionManager"   
    25.          class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >   
    26.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    27.      </ bean >   
    28.   
    29.      < tx:advice   id = "txAdvice"   transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >   
    30.          < tx:attributes >   
    31.              < tx:method   name = "*"   propagation = "REQUIRED"   />   
    32.          </ tx:attributes >   
    33.      </ tx:advice >   
    34.        
    35.      < aop:config >   
    36.          < aop:pointcut   id = "interceptorPointCuts"   
    37.              expression = "execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />   
    38.          < aop:advisor   advice-ref = "txAdvice"   
    39.              pointcut-ref = "interceptorPointCuts"   />            
    40.      </ aop:config >          
    41. </ beans >   

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    
        <context:annotation-config />
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
    
        <bean id="sessionFactory"  
                class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
            <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
        </bean>  
    
        <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
        <bean id="transactionManager"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
    
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
        
        <aop:config>
            <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
                expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
            <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
                pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        
        </aop:config>      
    </beans>
    

    
    
    第五种方式：全注解
    
    Xml代码

    1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
    2. < beans   xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    3.      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    4.      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
    5.      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    6.      xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"   
    7.      xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
    8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
    9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
    10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
    11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd   
    12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >   
    13.   
    14.      < context:annotation-config   />   
    15.      < context:component-scan   base-package = "com.bluesky"   />   
    16.   
    17.      < tx:annotation-driven   transaction-manager = "transactionManager" />   
    18.   
    19.      < bean   id = "sessionFactory"      
    20.              class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >      
    21.          < property   name = "configLocation"   value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />      
    22.          < property   name = "configurationClass"   value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />   
    23.      </ bean >      
    24.   
    25.      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      
    26.      < bean   id = "transactionManager"   
    27.          class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >   
    28.          < property   name = "sessionFactory"   ref = "sessionFactory"   />   
    29.      </ bean >   
    30.        
    31. </ beans >   

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    
        <context:annotation-config />
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
    
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    
        <bean id="sessionFactory"  
                class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
            <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
        </bean>  
    
        <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
        <bean id="transactionManager"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
        
    </beans>
    

    
    
    此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
    
    Java代码
    1. package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;   
    2.   
    3. import  java.util.List;   
    4.   
    5. import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;   
    6. import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   
    7. import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;   
    8. import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   
    9.   
    10. import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;   
    11.   
    12. @Transactional   
    13. @Component ( "userDao" )   
    14. public   class  UserDaoImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDao {   
    15.   
    16.      public  List<User> listUsers() {   
    17.          return   this .getSession().createQuery( "from User" ).list();   
    18.     }   
    19.        
    20.        
    21. }  

原文：http://yonglin4605.javaeye.com/blog/630570